Early Life and Education

Born in 1904 in Washington, D.C., Charles Drew was a gifted student with a strong passion for both academics and athletics. Growing up in the height of segregation, he began to break barriers early in life, being one of only 13 Black students in the student body at Amherst College in Massachusetts. He attended school on a football scholarship, following his passion for sports until an injury ended his athletic career.

Besides sports, Drew was unsure what he wanted to pursue–until his sister Elsie passed away during the Great Influenza Epidemic of 1918. He saved up money by teaching science and working in athletics until he had enough money to go to medical school.

He pursued a career in medicine at McGill University in Canada, where he excelled and developed an early interest in blood research. His fascination with the field led him to Columbia University, where he earned a doctorate and conducted pioneering studies on blood plasma storage and transfusion.

Revolutionizing Blood Storage and Transfusion

Dr. Drew’s most significant achievement came during World War II when he developed a method for preserving and storing blood plasma for extended periods. His research laid the foundation for modern blood banks, allowing for more efficient blood transfusions and emergency medical care. He also spearheaded the establishment of large-scale blood donation programs, including the American Red Cross Blood Bank, despite facing racial discrimination that ultimately led to his resignation.

One of Dr. Drew’s key contributions was demonstrating that blood plasma, which can be separated from whole blood and stored for longer periods, could be used in transfusions without requiring a direct donor-to-recipient match. This discovery made it possible to create blood banks capable of supplying blood to hospitals and battlefields, significantly improving emergency medical treatment during World War II.

Racial Barriers in Blood Donation

Despite his expertise and leadership in the field of blood preservation, Dr. Drew faced deep-seated racial discrimination. In an ironic and unjust policy, the Red Cross initially refused to accept blood donations from Black donors, perpetuating the false belief that racial differences affected blood compatibility. Although this policy was later revised to allow Black individuals to donate, their blood was still segregated from that of white donors, a practice that Dr. Drew vehemently opposed. Frustrated by this racist policy, he ultimately resigned from his leadership role at the Red Cross. His stance highlighted the need for both scientific integrity and social justice in medicine, paving the way for future efforts to eliminate racial discrimination in healthcare.

Breaking Barriers

As an African American scientist in the early 20th century, Dr. Drew faced significant racial barriers in his career. From being passed over as team captain in college, to having to move out of the country just to go to medical school, to not being able to donate blood himself, he has overcome what was thrown at him and remained committed to advancing medical science and mentoring the next generation of Black physicians. He was a passionate advocate for equitable healthcare and education, emphasizing the need for inclusion in STEM fields.

Inspiring Future Generations

Dr. Charles Drew’s contributions extend far beyond the laboratory. His perseverance and dedication serve as an inspiration for young scientists, particularly those from underrepresented communities.

His work reminds us that innovation and excellence are driven by curiosity, commitment, and the courage to challenge the status quo.

Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science

In recognition of his extraordinary contributions, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science was established in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1966, Charles Drew University is dedicated to training healthcare professionals who serve underrepresented communities. Its mission aligns with Dr. Drew’s commitment to equity in healthcare and education, ensuring that future generations of medical professionals continue his legacy of excellence and advocacy.

Continuing the Legacy

Dr. Charles Drew’s life and work stand as a testament to the power of knowledge, perseverance, and the profound impact one individual can have on the world. Let’s honor his legacy by continuing to push boundaries, uplift aspiring scientists, and champion diversity in STEM.